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Nutrition in Asthma
Evan J Williams1, Bronwyn S Berthon1, Isobel Stoodley1
1Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|March 10, 2022
Summary
Diet significantly impacts asthma development and management. While evidence is mixed, diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3s may reduce asthma risk, whereas Western diets might worsen outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition science
- Respiratory medicine
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Diet is increasingly recognized for its role in asthma development and management.
- Epidemiological studies explore diet-asthma links, but intervention trials are limited.
- Existing evidence on beneficial dietary patterns like the Mediterranean diet is conflicting.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current evidence on the impact of dietary patterns and nutrients on asthma prevalence.
- To summarize findings regarding the role of diet in asthma management.
- To highlight the need for further intervention studies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of epidemiological studies and intervention trials.
- Analysis of evidence on specific nutrients (antioxidants, omega-3s, fiber) and dietary patterns (Mediterranean, Western).
- Synthesis of findings on asthma risk, onset, and disease management.
Main Results:
- Conflicting evidence exists for diets high in fruits, vegetables, antioxidants, omega-3s, and fiber.
- Some studies suggest these diets may lower asthma risk, especially in children, and aid management.
- Western diets, high in saturated fats, refined grains, and sugars, may promote inflammation and worsen asthma.
Conclusions:
- Dietary patterns and nutrient intake play a crucial role in asthma.
- Further research, particularly intervention trials, is needed to clarify diet's impact on asthma.
- Modifying dietary patterns may offer a strategy for asthma prevention and management.
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