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Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
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[Significance of combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in conversion therapy of biliary tract cancer]
Z H Tang1, J L Chen1, S Y Liu1
1Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092,China.
Abstract:
Biliary tract cancer has insidious onset and high degree of malignancy, and radical resection is often impossible when it is diagnosed.Conversion therapy can achieve tumor downgrading, so that patients who were initially unresectable have a chance to achieve R0 resection.However, due to the high heterogeneity and complex immune microenvironment of biliary tract cancer, conversion therapy is still in the stage of active exploration.As a new type of conversion therapy, combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy is of great significance to effectively improve the efficiency of conversion therapy.Further exploration of combination mechanism and improvement of immune microenvironment are expected to become the future direction of combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
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