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Vitamin D Levels and Cardiopulmonary Status in Infants with Acute Bronchiolitis

Ana Estalella-Mendoza1, Ana Castellano-Martínez2, Jose Carlos Flores-González1

  • 1Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain.

Indian Pediatrics
|March 11, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Vitamin D deficiency in infants with acute bronchiolitis is linked to worse cardiac and pulmonary outcomes. Low vitamin D levels correlate with increased severity, requiring more respiratory support and longer hospital stays.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Pulmonology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Acute bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection in infants.
  • Vitamin D plays a crucial role in immune function and overall health.
  • The association between vitamin D levels and disease severity in bronchiolitis is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels and cardiopulmonary status in infants hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis.
  • To determine if vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased disease severity and adverse outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Infants hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis were enrolled and categorized based on serum 25-OHD levels (<20 ng/mL vs. ≥20 ng/mL).
  • Cardiopulmonary status was assessed using NT-ProBNP levels, echocardiography (evaluating left and right ventricle function, pulmonary hypertension), and respiratory support requirements (non-invasive ventilation, mechanical ventilation).
  • Outcomes included Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission and hospitalization duration.

Main Results:

  • 47% of infants had low serum 25-OHD levels (<20 ng/mL).
  • Infants with low 25-OHD levels exhibited significantly higher rates of left ventricle dysfunction (P=0.008), right ventricle dysfunction (P=0.008), and pulmonary hypertension (P=0.007).
  • Elevated NT-ProBNP levels (P=0.003), increased PICU admission risk (OR 3.9, P=0.004), higher need for ventilation (P=0.048 for NIV, P=0.005 for MV), and longer hospitalization (P=0.015) were observed in those with vitamin D deficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Low serum vitamin D levels are significantly associated with impaired cardiac and pulmonary status in infants with acute bronchiolitis.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is a potential indicator of increased clinical severity and adverse outcomes in this patient population.
  • Further research into vitamin D supplementation may be warranted for infants with acute bronchiolitis and deficiency.
Abstract

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