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MESH1 knockdown triggers proliferation arrest through TAZ repression.

Tianai Sun1,2, Chien-Kuang Cornelia Ding1,2, Yuning Zhang2,3

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MESH1 knockdown inhibits cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth by mimicking the bacterial stringent response. This occurs through epigenetic repression of TAZ, a key gene involved in cell growth and tumor formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Organisms require adaptive strategies to survive stress.
  • Bacteria utilize the stringent response, involving (p)ppGpp alarmones, to arrest proliferation and reprogram the transcriptome.
  • Mammalian cells have MESH1, a homolog of the (p)ppGpp hydrolase SpoT, but its function is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of MESH1 in mammalian cells, particularly in the context of cancer.
  • To explore the potential of MESH1 as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • MESH1 expression analysis in tumors.
  • MESH1 knockdown experiments in human cancer cells.
  • Assessment of proliferation, dNTP levels, tumor sphere formation, and xenograft growth.
  • Transcriptome analysis and TAZ restoration experiments.
  • Epigenetic analysis of TAZ regulatory loci.

Main Results:

  • MESH1 expression is elevated in tumors and correlates with poor patient outcomes.
  • MESH1 knockdown inhibits proliferation, depletes dNTPs, reduces tumor sphere formation, and retards xenograft growth.
  • MESH1 knockdown leads to altered transcriptome, including repression of TAZ and proliferative genes.
  • TAZ restoration partially reverses the anti-growth phenotypes caused by MESH1 knockdown.
  • TAZ repression is linked to histone hypoacetylation at TAZ loci, mediated by HDAC5 and AHRR induction.

Conclusions:

  • MESH1 plays a significant role in cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth.
  • MESH1 knockdown exhibits antitumor effects by inducing a stringent response-like state.
  • Epigenetic repression of TAZ is a key mechanism by which MESH1 knockdown exerts its antitumor effects.