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Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Influence of Step-Width Manipulation on Running Biomechanics
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Inter-strides variability affects internal foot tissue loadings during running.

Coline Van Waerbeke1, André Jacques2, Eric Berton2

  • 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, 163, avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France. coline.van-waerbeke@univ-amu.fr.

Scientific Reports
|March 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Movement variability impacts foot tissue loading during running, influencing injury risk. Muscle forces, not just ground reaction forces, are key to understanding bone and cartilage stress for better overuse injury management.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Running overuse injuries stem from repetitive loading exceeding tissue adaptation capacity.
  • Quantifying in-vivo foot loading during running is challenging.
  • Movement variability's role in mitigating injury risk is recognized, but its effect on local tissue loading remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of movement variability on internal foot tissue loading during the stance phase of running.
  • To develop and utilize a 3D dynamic finite element foot model to estimate stress in foot structures.

Main Methods:

  • A 3D dynamic finite element foot model was created, driven by extrinsic muscle forces.
  • The model was subjected to boundary conditions from various trials at similar running speeds.
  • Internal bone stress and cartilage pressure were calculated during the stance phase.

Main Results:

  • Constant running speed allowed for 10% variability in bone stress and 16% variability in cartilage pressure.
  • Muscle force profiles were identified as the primary drivers of bone and cartilage stress, surpassing the influence of ground reaction forces.
  • Analysis revealed that single-trial data is insufficient to represent the full distribution of internal foot tissue loading.

Conclusions:

  • Internal foot tissue loading exhibits significant variability even at constant running speeds.
  • Accurate estimation of bone and cartilage loading in the foot necessitates the consideration of muscle forces.
  • The developed finite element model offers potential for optimizing the clinical management of running overuse injuries.