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Related Concept Videos

Golgi Apparatus01:49

Golgi Apparatus

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As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are transported by microtubule-based motor proteins and fuse together to form vesicular tubular clusters, subsequently arriving at the Golgi apparatus, a eukaryotic endomembrane organelle that often has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance.
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Protein Folding Quality Check in the RER01:29

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ER is the primary site for the maturation and folding of soluble and transmembrane secretory proteins. The calnexin cycle is a specific chaperone system that folds and assesses the confirmation of N-glycosylated proteins before they can exit the ER lumen. The primary players of this quality check pipeline are the lectins, ER-resident chaperones, and a glucosyl transferase enzyme. In case the calnexin system in the lumen fails to salvage a misfolded protein, it is transported to the cytoplasm...
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Autophagy01:27

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Transport Across the Golgi01:26

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While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Golgi Matrix Proteins01:12

Golgi Matrix Proteins

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Golgi matrix proteins are a group of highly dynamic proteins that maintain the stacked structure of Golgi. These proteins adapt to rapid morphological changes of the Golgi during the cell cycle. During cell division, mild proteolysis removes these connections resulting in Golgi unstacking. In The daughter cells, these proteins help reassemble the unstacked Golgi.
One of the first identified Golgi matrix proteins was GM130, a rod-like protein located in the cis-Golgi. Subsequently, many Golgi...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass
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Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass

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Golgi quality control and autophagy.

Hsiang-Yi Chang1, Wei Yuan Yang1,2

  • 1Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.

IUBMB Life
|March 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy, a cellular process for removing damaged components, can eliminate entire organelles. Recent studies show the Golgi apparatus can be degraded via autophagy or other mechanisms when stressed.

Keywords:
Golgi apparatusGolgi fragmentationGolgi-derived vesiclesautophagybiogenesisproteasome

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Organelle Biology

Background:

  • Organelle disruption is a common cellular stress.
  • Autophagy is a key mechanism for removing damaged organelles like mitochondria and ER.
  • The Golgi apparatus's response to stress is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of autophagy in Golgi apparatus degradation.
  • To explore alternative degradation pathways for the stressed Golgi apparatus.
  • To understand the coordination of different degradation mechanisms for the Golgi.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of organelle disruption responses.
  • Analysis of studies on Golgi apparatus stress.
  • Synthesis of findings on autophagy and Golgi degradation.

Main Results:

  • The Golgi apparatus can be degraded through autophagy.
  • Components can traffic away from the Golgi for elimination independently of autophagosomes.
  • Multiple degradation pathways exist for the stressed Golgi.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy is a significant pathway for Golgi degradation.
  • Non-autophagic mechanisms also contribute to Golgi component removal.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the coordination of these pathways and quantify autophagy's contribution to Golgi maintenance.