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Updated: Sep 30, 2025

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Anamorelin for cancer cachexia.

Kenichi Nishie1,2, Seiichi Sato3, Masayuki Hanaoka2

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Iida Municipal Hospital, Iida, Japan. kennishie@imh.jp.

Drugs of Today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998)
|March 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Anamorelin, a ghrelin receptor agonist, effectively treats cancer cachexia by increasing appetite and muscle mass. Clinical trials confirm its efficacy in improving lean body mass and overall cachexia symptoms.

Keywords:
Anamorelin hydrochlorideAnorexiaCancer cachexiaGhrelin receptor agonistsONO-7643

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS) is a complex condition causing significant muscle loss and weight decline.
  • Ghrelin receptors play a crucial role in regulating appetite and growth hormone (GH) secretion, impacting muscle synthesis.
  • Current treatments for CACS often have limited efficacy, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pharmacology, metabolism, efficacy, safety, and clinical trial data of anamorelin.
  • To describe the regulatory process leading to anamorelin's approval in Japan for treating cancer cachexia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and clinical studies on anamorelin.
  • Analysis of pharmacological data, including ghrelin receptor agonism and its effects on GH and IGF-1.
  • Evaluation of data from clinical trials assessing anamorelin's impact on lean body mass, appetite, and safety.

Main Results:

  • Anamorelin demonstrated significant increases in lean body mass index (LBMI) in clinical trials.
  • The drug was associated with improved symptoms of cachexia and increased appetite.
  • Anamorelin showed a favorable safety profile with no significant increase in serious adverse events.

Conclusions:

  • Anamorelin is an effective ghrelin receptor agonist for managing cancer cachexia.
  • Its ability to promote muscle synthesis and improve appetite offers a promising therapeutic option for cancer patients.
  • The approval of anamorelin in Japan marks a significant advancement in addressing the challenges of cancer cachexia.