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Forced Flowering in Mandarin Trees under Phytotron Conditions
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Flowering time runs hot and cold.

Jill C Preston1, Siri Fjellheim2

  • 1Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA.

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Global warming accelerates plant flowering, but responses vary due to temperature and plant lineage. This review explores how plants sense temperature and the evolution of flowering pathways under climate change.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Climate change science

Background:

  • Anthropogenic global warming is linked to accelerated flowering in many plant species.
  • Variations in flowering responses (late or unaffected) highlight complex interactions between temperature, plant phase change, and phylogeny.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how plants perceive temperature changes.
  • To discuss the evolutionary recruitment of ancient flowering genes for temperature-regulated development.
  • To identify research gaps and consider climate change implications for plant phenology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current evidence on plant thermoperception and flowering pathways.
  • Analysis of evolutionary recruitment of genes involved in ambient, low, and high temperature responses.
  • Discussion of past thermal climates' influence on plant plasticity and future climate change impacts.

Main Results:

  • Plants possess mechanisms to sense temperature, influencing flowering time.
  • Ancient flowering pathway genes have been independently recruited to regulate reproductive development across different temperature ranges.
  • Phylogenetic and historical climate data are crucial for understanding plasticity in plant phase change.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding plant temperature sensing and the evolution of flowering pathways is critical for predicting phenological shifts.
  • Plant responses to climate change are shaped by their evolutionary history and genetic makeup.
  • Further research is needed to fully grasp the implications of climate change on plant reproductive phenology and global patterns.