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Z-Portal Continuum Dark Matter.

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This study proposes dark matter (DM) may be a gapped continuum, not particles. The weakly interacting continuum (WIC) model offers a viable DM candidate consistent with cosmic observations and collider signatures.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology and particle physics
  • Theoretical physics
  • Dark matter research

Background:

  • The nature of dark matter (DM) remains one of the most significant unsolved problems in physics.
  • The standard WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle) paradigm faces challenges, motivating alternative DM candidates.
  • Understanding DM's composition is crucial for comprehending the Universe's structure and evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the theoretical possibility of dark matter as a gapped continuum.
  • To introduce and analyze the weakly interacting continuum (WIC) model as a realization of continuum dark matter.
  • To assess the WIC model's consistency with observational and experimental constraints.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the weakly interacting continuum (WIC) model, coupled to the Standard Model via a Z portal.
  • Calculation of thermal dark matter relic density within the WIC framework.
  • Analysis of direct detection cross-sections, considering continuum kinematics.
  • Investigation of constraints from cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations on potential late-time decays of continuum DM states.
  • Exploration of collider signatures for WIC production.

Main Results:

  • The WIC model naturally predicts a thermal relic density consistent with cosmological observations, mirroring the "WIMP miracle."
  • Direct detection cross-sections are significantly suppressed compared to traditional Z-portal WIMP models due to continuum kinematics.
  • Cosmic microwave background observations constrain the decay properties of continuum DM states.
  • Collider production of WICs can lead to distinctive cascade-decay signatures.
  • The proposed Z-portal WIC model is shown to be a fully viable dark matter candidate.

Conclusions:

  • A gapped continuum is a plausible alternative to particle-based dark matter.
  • The Z-portal WIC model provides a compelling theoretical framework for continuum dark matter.
  • The WIC model aligns with current cosmological and experimental data, offering testable predictions for future investigations.