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Cardiac arrest and coronavirus disease 2019
Enrico Baldi1,2,3, Andrea Cortegiani4,5, Simone Savastano3
1Department of Molecular Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Pavia.
Current Opinion in Critical Care
|March 11, 2022
Summary
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted cardiac arrest outcomes, increasing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and decreasing survival rates for both out-of-hospital and in-hospital events. Public awareness and resource allocation are crucial for improving survival.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Emergency Medicine
Background:
- The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had profound effects on cardiovascular health.
- Understanding the pandemic's influence on cardiac arrest is critical for public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac arrest, encompassing both out-of-hospital (OHCA) and in-hospital (IHCA) events.
- To analyze changes in OHCA incidence, patient characteristics, and survival rates during the pandemic.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies examining cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Analysis of data on OHCA and IHCA incidence, patient demographics, treatment, and survival outcomes.
Main Results:
- Increased OHCA incidence observed, particularly in COVID-19 hotspots.
- Changes in OHCA patient profiles include more home-based arrests, reduced bystander CPR/AED use, and more non-shockable rhythms.
- Significant decrease in OHCA survival rates across countries, irrespective of COVID-19 case burden.
- Reduced survival for IHCA patients with COVID-19.
Conclusions:
- The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected cardiac arrest occurrence and survival.
- Public awareness campaigns for emergency medical service (EMS) activation are necessary.
- Strategic reallocation of prehospital resources based on pandemic trends is essential to enhance survival rates.
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