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Abiotic stress-triggered oxidative challenges: Where does H2S act?

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Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a key signaling molecule in plant stress responses, not a toxin. It modulates growth, activates defenses, and interacts with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) to maintain redox homeostasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Historically, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) was viewed as a phytotoxin, inhibiting plant growth.
  • Emerging evidence reveals H₂S as a crucial signaling molecule in plant responses to abiotic stress.
  • H₂S influences phytohormone activation, stomatal regulation, gene expression, and growth modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the updated role of H₂S in plant redox homeostasis and signaling under oxidative stress.
  • To explore the mechanisms of H₂S-mediated regulation during abiotic stress responses.
  • To highlight the interplay between H₂S, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on H₂S in plant stress physiology.
  • Analysis of H₂S interactions with ROS processing systems.
  • Examination of H₂S-dependent posttranslational modifications and their role in stress adaptation.

Main Results:

  • H₂S directly interacts with ROS systems in a redox-dependent manner.
  • H₂S-induced posttranslational modifications of proteins are critical for stress responses.
  • The interaction between H₂S, ROS, and nitric oxide (NO) can be synergistic or antagonistic.

Conclusions:

  • H₂S is a vital signaling molecule regulating plant adaptation to abiotic stress.
  • Understanding the molecular pathways of H₂S, ROS, and NO interactions is crucial for plant stress management.
  • H₂S plays a significant role in maintaining redox balance during environmental challenges.