Landfill gas emission through compacted clay considering effects of crack pathway and intensity

Compacted clay barrier plays an important role in reducing landfill gas transport due to its low gas permeability. There is limited understanding of desiccation cracks and to what extent they can cause preferential pathways of landfill gas through compacted clay barriers. This study investigated the intensity and pathway of desiccation cracks as well as its effects on gas emission through compacted clay. The compacted clay with and without scratched compaction interface was subjected to drying to simulate desiccation cracks. The clay was then extruded from large containers into one dimensional columns to allow observation of crack propagation using an X-ray computerized tomography scanner. After that, gas emission rate was measured from each column under different gas pressures (i.e., 1, 5, 10 and 20 kPa). Furthermore, a simplified method is proposed to predict gas emission rate with consideration of intensity and characteristics of cracks. Test results demonstrated that desiccation cracks were initiated mainly at the center of each container (i.e., within 40% of container dimension). Gas emission rate can be increased at least 10 times with the presence of desiccation cracks (i.e., at gas pressure of 5 kPa). As compared to the depth and continuous pathway of cracks which significantly increased gas emission rate, the discontinuous crack pathway can reduce the gas emission rate by up to 3 times. The findings towards crack characteristics and gas emission observed in this study are crucial for safety design and long-term operation of compacted clay barriers in landfill covers.