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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
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Dietary Intake Mediates Ethnic Differences in Gut Microbial Composition.

Kirra Borrello1, Unhee Lim2, Song-Yi Park2

  • 1Molecular Cell Biology and Public Health, University of Hawaii at Manoa (UHM), Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.

Nutrients
|March 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Dietary factors significantly influence gut microbiome (GM) composition across racial and ethnic groups. Specific food intakes, like vegetables and red meat, mediate these GM differences, potentially impacting health disparities.

Keywords:
dietfecal microbiomemediationrace/ethnicity

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Nutritional science
  • Human genetics

Background:

  • The human gut microbiome (GM) composition exhibits variations linked to race and ethnicity.
  • Understanding the drivers of these variations is crucial for addressing health disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether differences in diet mediate the observed racial/ethnic variations in the gut microbiome.
  • To identify specific dietary components that influence GM composition across diverse ethnic groups.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of stool samples from 5267 Multiethnic Cohort participants using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
  • Assessment of gut bacterial genus abundance and correlation with diet quality (HEI-2015) and specific food/nutrient intakes.
  • Statistical mediation analysis to quantify the impact of diet on ethnicity-driven GM differences.

Main Results:

  • Ethnic differences in 12 bacterial genera were significantly mediated by dietary factors, including overall diet quality, vegetable, and red meat intake.
  • Lower vegetable intake was linked to altered abundance of Lachnospira and Ruminococcus-1 in African Americans and Latinos compared to Native Hawaiians.
  • Higher red meat intake influenced Lachnospira and Ruminococcus-1 abundance in Native Hawaiians relative to African Americans.

Conclusions:

  • Diet quality and specific food intakes play a role in shaping ethnic differences in gut microbiome composition.
  • Dietary mediation of GM variation may contribute to health disparities observed among different racial and ethnic groups.