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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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Reason and Intuition01:37

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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Counterfactual Thinking01:19

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Counterfactual thinking is a cognitive process wherein individuals mentally reconstruct alternative versions of past events, often beginning with “what if” or “if only.” This reflective mechanism plays a significant role in shaping emotional experiences and guiding future behavior. Though typically triggered by unfavorable or unexpected outcomes, counterfactual thinking can also emerge in mundane, everyday decisions and experiences, revealing its deep entrenchment in...
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

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A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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On second thoughts: changes of mind in decision-making.

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  • 1Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia.

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Changing your mind can improve performance by correcting errors, but it incurs costs. This review explores the behavioral, computational, and neural aspects of changing decisions to understand adaptive behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Adaptive behavior relies on adjusting decisions with new information.
  • Changing one's mind (CoM) can enhance performance by rectifying initial errors.
  • CoM involves balancing performance benefits against various costs (energetic, temporal, psychological).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on changes of mind (CoM).
  • To synthesize key behavioral findings, computational mechanisms, and neural correlates of CoM.
  • To propose a conceptual framework for an integrated psychological account of CoM.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of behavioral, computational, and neural studies on CoM.
  • Analysis of decision-making processes across different tasks.
  • Development of a conceptual framework based on decision dimensions.

Main Results:

  • CoM is a crucial component of adaptive behavior, often improving accuracy.
  • Studies reveal various behavioral, computational, and neural underpinnings of CoM.
  • A framework is proposed, integrating CoM across contexts using time and evidence source dimensions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding CoM is vital for comprehending adaptive decision-making.
  • An integrated framework can unify the study of CoM across diverse research areas.
  • Further research can build upon this framework to advance psychological accounts of decision adjustment.