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Related Concept Videos

Personal Protective Equipment01:20

Personal Protective Equipment

1.9K
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:
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Masking and Demasking Agents01:19

Masking and Demasking Agents

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EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on...
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing01:10

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

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The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning01:22

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning

1.3K
Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
1.5K
Administering Oxygen by Mask01:30

Administering Oxygen by Mask

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Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
861

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Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
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Protective Masks Utilizing Nonendangered Components.

Linsey Griffin1, Minji Yu1, Alison Cloet1

  • 1College of Design, University of Minnesota, 1985 Buford Avenue, 240 McNeal Hall, Saint Paul, MN 55108.

Journal of Medical Devices
|March 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed and tested alternative N95 respirators using readily available materials. These masks met filtration and fit standards, offering a viable solution during shortages to protect essential workers and reduce disease spread.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic created critical shortages of N95 respirators in the US.
  • Traditional supply chains were insufficient, necessitating alternative solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate alternative respirator designs not reliant on specialized manufacturing.
  • To assess the filtration efficiency and fit of novel masks against N95 standards.

Main Methods:

  • An interdisciplinary team designed masks using repurposed filtration media and commercial components.
  • Filtration efficiency and quantitative fit testing were performed.
  • Manufacturing feasibility was assessed by producing 6000 masks in 10 days with a non-specialized workforce.

Main Results:

  • Filtration media demonstrated high-quality performance suitable for facemasks.
  • New mask designs passed quantitative fit testing, indicating viability as N95 alternatives.
  • Rapid, large-scale production was feasible with unskilled labor.

Conclusions:

  • Developed mask designs are viable alternatives during N95 respirator shortages.
  • The manufacturing approach allows for quick scaling to meet critical equipment needs.
  • These alternatives can mitigate risks for essential workers and limit disease transmission.