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Disentangling the Relationship Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Cognitive Disorders
Dearbhla M Kelly1, Peter M Rothwell2
1J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Frontiers in Neurology
|March 14, 2022
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases dementia risk in older adults. This review explores potential causes, including traditional risk factors and direct kidney disease effects on the brain.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Neurology
- Geriatrics
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health issue, particularly affecting older adults.
- Individuals with CKD face an elevated risk of cognitive disorders and dementia.
- The precise mechanisms linking CKD to cognitive decline are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility to cognitive disorders in patients with CKD.
- To review the relationship between CKD and cognitive impairment, including dementia.
- To identify knowledge gaps that may hinder effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Main Methods:
- This is a review article.
- It synthesizes existing epidemiological data and proposed pathophysiological mechanisms.
- The review focuses on the interplay between CKD, traditional risk factors, and direct effects on the brain.
Main Results:
- CKD is associated with a higher prevalence of cerebrovascular lesions due to risk factors like hypertension and diabetes.
- Potential direct mechanisms include neurotoxicity from uremic toxins and dialysis-related factors.
- A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for patient care.
Conclusions:
- CKD represents a significant risk factor for cognitive disorders and dementia in the elderly population.
- Both indirect (shared risk factors) and direct (uremic toxins, dialysis) pathways likely contribute to cognitive impairment in CKD.
- Further research is needed to elucidate these mechanisms and develop targeted interventions.
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