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Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Trained immunity: A Yin-Yang balance.

Zhidong Hu1, Shui-Hua Lu1,2, Douglas B Lowrie2

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Innate immune cells can develop a form of memory, known as trained immunity, which alters inflammatory responses. This review explores trained immunity, including its mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Immune memory was traditionally attributed solely to adaptive immunity.
  • Emerging evidence indicates innate immune cells possess adaptive characteristics.
  • Trained immunity represents a long-term functional reprogramming of innate immune cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the history and recent advancements in trained immunity.
  • To introduce the Yin-Yang balance theory as a novel framework for understanding trained immunity.
  • To discuss potential clinical applications and future research directions for trained immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on trained immunity.
  • Analysis of experimental models, inductors, and molecular mechanisms.
  • Application of the Yin-Yang theory to conceptualize trained immunity.

Main Results:

  • Trained immunity involves functional reprogramming of innate immune cells after an initial challenge.
  • This reprogramming can enhance or impair inflammatory responses upon subsequent challenges.
  • The dual effect of trained immunity aligns with the Yin-Yang concept of balance.

Conclusions:

  • Trained immunity is a crucial innate immune memory mechanism with evolutionary significance.
  • Understanding trained immunity through the Yin-Yang balance offers new therapeutic perspectives.
  • Future research will likely focus on developing immunotherapies targeting trained immunity.