100 years of mathematical cosmology: Models, theories, and problems, Part A

Area of Science:

• Mathematical Cosmology
• Theoretical Physics
• Cosmic Evolution

Background:

• The study traces the historical progression of mathematical cosmology.
• It begins with the Einstein static universe (1917) and extends to contemporary research.
• The survey highlights foundational concepts and their evolution over time.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a qualitative overview of key ideas and developments in mathematical cosmology.
• To structure the historical evolution of the field into distinct periods.
• To emphasize unifying themes in theoretical cosmology.

Main Methods:

• Historical survey of major cosmological models and theories.
• Qualitative analysis of concepts from different eras.
• Chronological organization into four main periods (pre-1960, 1960-1980, 1980-2000, 2000-present).

Main Results:

• Part A covers the initial periods (pre-1980), including early cosmologies, geometric extensions, singularities, and early particle physics integration.
• Key concepts discussed include the Einstein static universe, chaotic behavior, and the emergence of standard cosmology.
• The survey identifies and emphasizes persistent threads in theoretical cosmology.

Conclusions:

• This article (Part A) provides a foundational understanding of mathematical cosmology's development.
• It sets the stage for Part B, which will cover later periods and advanced topics.
• The survey underscores the importance of historical context in understanding current cosmological research.