Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

702
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
702

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Predicting High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Boost Benefit Using Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Gene Expression in Localised Prostate Cancer.

Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))·2026
Same author

Does Overall Treatment Time Impact Toxicity and Clinical Outcomes After Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy to the Prostate? An evaluation of the Multi-OutcoMe EvaluatioN of radiation Therapy Using the MR-Linac Repository.

Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))·2026
Same author

Reirradiation Options for Previously Irradiated Prostate Cancer: Is It Feasible to Randomise Between Treatment With Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) Versus High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy?

Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))·2026
Same author

Final overall survival results from EORTC 1333/PEACE-3 trial of enzalutamide plus radium-223 in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2026
Same author

Unravelling Salvage Re-irradiation for Locally Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Challenges and Complexities.

Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))·2026
Same author

Enriching African genome representation through the AGenDA project.

Nature·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
11:02

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Published on: October 30, 2013

21.4K

Using Real-world Data to Define a Validated Nomogram for Advanced Bladder Cancer Patients Who Respond to

T Elumalai1, W Croxford1, B Buijtenhuijs1

  • 1The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.

Clinical Oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))
|March 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a validated prognostic model for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced bladder cancer using real-world data. The model predicts overall survival and aids in patient stratification for future clinical trials.

Keywords:
Bladder cancerimmunotherapyprognostic modelreal-world datasurvival

More Related Videos

Potentiation of Anticancer Antibody Efficacy by Antineoplastic Drugs: Detection of Antibody-drug Synergism Using the Combination Index Equation
15:04

Potentiation of Anticancer Antibody Efficacy by Antineoplastic Drugs: Detection of Antibody-drug Synergism Using the Combination Index Equation

Published on: January 19, 2019

12.4K
Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors
08:50

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors

Published on: February 25, 2020

7.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
11:02

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Published on: October 30, 2013

21.4K
Potentiation of Anticancer Antibody Efficacy by Antineoplastic Drugs: Detection of Antibody-drug Synergism Using the Combination Index Equation
15:04

Potentiation of Anticancer Antibody Efficacy by Antineoplastic Drugs: Detection of Antibody-drug Synergism Using the Combination Index Equation

Published on: January 19, 2019

12.4K
Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors
08:50

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors

Published on: February 25, 2020

7.1K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offer treatment options for advanced urothelial cancers, but real-world efficacy and toxicity data are limited.
  • Limited data exists on the outcomes of ICIs in patients with locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer (LABC/MBC), particularly outside controlled clinical trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report real-world overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicities of ICIs in LABC/MBC.
  • To develop and validate a prognostic model for predicting OS in LABC/MBC patients treated with ICIs.

Main Methods:

  • A multicentre, real-world study analyzed data from 272 patients with LABC/MBC treated with ICIs.
  • Cox regression identified prognostic factors for OS, with data split into training (n=208) and validation (n=64) cohorts.
  • A prognostic model was developed using backward elimination and validated using concordance index and survival probability assessments.

Main Results:

  • Median follow-up was 18.9 months. Median OS and PFS in the training cohort were 9.2 and 4.5 months, respectively.
  • Key prognostic factors for OS included low hemoglobin, high neutrophil count, pembrolizumab use, liver metastasis, and pre-treatment steroid use.
  • The final prognostic model achieved a concordance index of 0.66 in the training cohort and 0.64 in the validation cohort.

Conclusions:

  • A validated prognostic model for OS in LABC/MBC treated with ICIs was developed using real-world data.
  • This model can aid in patient stratification and inform the design of future clinical trials involving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.