Simultaneous evaluation of fatty acid and triglycerides after percutaneous coronary intervention

Clinical studies have shown that the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid (EPA/AA ratio) as well as the triglyceride (TG) levels can be considered as independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether simultaneous evaluation of the EPA/AA ratio and TG level can affect the incidence of cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

We retrospectively examined the clinical records of 1585 patients who underwent successful PCI for acute coronary syndrome or stable angina. They were divided into four categories based on an EPA/AA ratio of 0.4 and a TG level of 150 mg/dl (a method termed the "Fatty Acid Window"). Among the four categories, the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was measured for a maximum of five years after PCI. MACE was defined as cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or revascularization due to new coronary stenosis or restenosis. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis demonstrated that patients with both lower EPA/AA ratios and higher TG levels had a significantly higher incidence of MACE. In addition, patients with either lower EPA/AA ratios or higher TG levels also had a higher incidence of MACE compared to patients with both higher EPA/AA ratios and lower TG levels.

Evaluating both EPA/AA ratios and TG levels, a method termed the "Fatty Acid Window", can be useful in predicting the occurrence of cardiovascular events after PCI.