Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...

Disorders of the Urinary System

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Equine genital and ocular squamous cell carcinomas: clinical, histopathological, molecular and viral characterization with proposed histopathological classification system.

The veterinary quarterly·2026

Same author

Multi-centre clinical audit of oxygen and inhalant anaesthetic usage in equine anaesthesia: The potential benefits of training and low-flow techniques.

Equine veterinary journal·2025

Same author

Experiences of End-of-Life Decision-Making in Equine Veterinary and Charity Teams.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2025

Same author

Recurrent Colic: Diagnosis, Management, and Expectations.

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice·2023

Same author

Antimicrobial prescribing and antimicrobial resistance surveillance in equine practice.

Equine veterinary journal·2022

Same author

Monitoring anthelmintic use in horses.

The Veterinary record·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: June 24, 2025

Urinary Incontinence and Urinary Tract Infections.

¹Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, CVS Ltd, Mereworth, Maidstone, Kent, ME18 5GS, UK.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice

|March 14, 2022

Summary

Urinary incontinence in animals stems from lower urinary tract issues or neurological diseases affecting bladder control. Understanding these causes is key to diagnosing and managing this condition.

Keywords:

Bladder paralysis Cauda equina neuritis Ectopic ureter Equine herpes virus myeloencephalopathy Patent urachus Sabulous urolithisasis Urinary incontinence

More Related Videos

Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice

Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice

Published on: December 1, 2017

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 30, 2025

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: June 24, 2025

Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice

Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice

Published on: December 1, 2017

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

Area of Science:

Veterinary Neurology
Urology

Background:

Urinary incontinence arises from lower urinary tract disorders or neurological conditions impacting the bladder and urethra.
Nerve supply to the bladder/urethra and central nervous system integrity are crucial for normal function.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the causes of urinary incontinence in animals.
To highlight the neurological underpinnings of lower urinary tract function and dysfunction.

Main Methods:

Literature review of causes of urinary incontinence.
Analysis of neurological control mechanisms for the lower urinary tract.

Main Results:

Congenital causes include patent urachus and ectopic ureter.
Neurological causes include equine herpes virus 1 myeloencephalopathy, polyneuritis equi, and sacral/coccygeal trauma.
Idiopathic bladder paralysis presents with paralysis and cystitis without obvious neurological deficits.

Conclusions:

Urinary incontinence has diverse etiologies, ranging from congenital anomalies to specific neurological diseases.
Proper diagnosis requires understanding the complex interplay between the nervous system and the lower urinary tract.