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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
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COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:22

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
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Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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How COVID-19 interacts with interstitial lung disease.

Katherine J Myall1, Jennifer L Martinovic1, Alex West1

  • 1Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Guys' and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Breathe (Sheffield, England)
|March 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic impacts interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients, affecting diagnosis and management. This review examines COVID-19

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology and Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, significantly affects patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD).
  • Persistent lung changes post-COVID-19 infection can lead to ongoing symptoms and functional decline, even in individuals without prior lung conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with pre-existing interstitial lung disease.
  • To investigate the development and characteristics of interstitial lung disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current literature on the intersection of COVID-19 and ILD.
  • It explores clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies for patients with ILD and COVID-19.
  • The review also examines the emergence of post-COVID-19 interstitial lung abnormalities.

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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Inflammation in the Co-occurrence of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome and Lung Adenocarcinoma
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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Inflammation in the Co-occurrence of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome and Lung Adenocarcinoma

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Lung CT Segmentation to Identify Consolidations and Ground Glass Areas for Quantitative Assesment of SARS-CoV Pneumonia
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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Inflammation in the Co-occurrence of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome and Lung Adenocarcinoma
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Main Results:

  • COVID-19 presents unique challenges for ILD patients, influencing disease management and requiring specialized care.
  • A subset of patients develop persistent parenchymal changes and interstitial lung disease (ILD) after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • ILD physicians play a crucial role in managing both pre-existing ILD patients during the pandemic and those with new-onset post-COVID-19 ILD.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates a re-evaluation of care models for patients with interstitial lung disease.
  • Understanding the long-term pulmonary sequelae of COVID-19, including the development of ILD, is critical for patient outcomes.
  • Integrated care approaches are essential for addressing the complex needs of patients affected by COVID-19 and ILD.