Reconsidering animal models used to study autism spectrum disorder: Current state and optimizing future

Area of Science:

• Behavioral Neuroscience
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research
• Animal Modeling

Background:

• Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID), are complex conditions lacking targeted interventions and biological markers.
• Current diagnoses rely on behavioral criteria, necessitating robust preclinical models for research.
• Rodent models are frequently used to study NDDs, but their utility and limitations require careful consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current behavioral studies and assessments in rodent models of NDDs.
• To identify the maximal utility and limitations of behavior in animal models with construct validity.
• To provide recommendations and guidelines for phenotyping, using, and reporting in vivo models rigorously and reliably.

Main Methods:

• A workshop convened experts in behavioral neuroscience to discuss and analyze existing research.
• Focus on reviewing behavioral studies, reports, and assessments in rodent models.
• Development of consensus-based recommendations for future research and reporting standards.

Main Results:

• Rodent models represent the neurodevelopmental insult, not specific disorders like ASD.
• A perfect recapitulation of complex disorders such as ASD in animal models is not feasible.
• The need for enhanced validation of behavioral testing methods, data analysis, and interpretation was highlighted.

Conclusions:

• Establishment of minimal criteria for reporting behavioral data in NDD animal model studies.
• Emphasized the importance of acknowledging model limitations in research claims.
• Promoted a more critical and validated approach to using animal models in NDD research.