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Alternative direct-to-amplification sperm cell lysis techniques for sexual assault sample processing.

Sarah K Schellhammer1, Brittany C Hudson1,2, Jordan O Cox1

  • 1Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|March 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study explored alternative sperm lysis methods to address sexual assault kit backlogs. Alkaline lysis is recommended for efficient, high-quality DNA profiling, saving time and reducing costs compared to traditional techniques.

Keywords:
alkalinecell lysisdifferential lysisdirect amplificationforensic geneticssexual assaultspermatozoa

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Sexual assault kit backlogs are a significant issue in the United States.
  • Traditional sperm cell lysis methods are time-consuming and inefficient, hindering forensic analysis.
  • Sensitive DNA analysis methods exacerbate the need for efficient sample processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate seven alternative sperm cell lysis techniques.
  • To identify a method that efficiently lyses sperm and yields high-quality DNA profiles.
  • To reduce the time, labor, and cost associated with sperm DNA extraction.

Main Methods:

  • Microscopic examination of sperm cell lysis.
  • DNA quantification using forensicGEM™ Sperm as a control.
  • Short tandem repeat (STR) amplification using 0.25 ng of DNA.
  • Comparison of unpurified lysates from alternative methods with a traditional control.

Main Results:

  • Casework Direct and alkaline techniques effectively lysed all spermatozoa.
  • All tested methods showed comparable DNA quantification results to the control.
  • Casework Direct, alkaline, and NP-40 methods produced high-quality STR profiles without purification.
  • These methods yielded acceptable mean STR peak heights and interlocus balance.

Conclusions:

  • Casework Direct, alkaline, and NP-40 methods efficiently lyse spermatozoa and generate high-quality STR profiles.
  • Alkaline lysis is the recommended alternative due to its efficiency, quality, time savings, and cost-effectiveness.
  • This research offers a viable solution to improve sexual assault kit processing and reduce backlogs.