Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments
Published on: November 12, 2019
'Stateful' threshold switching for neuromorphic learning
Zhijian Zhong1, Zhiguo Jiang1, Jianning Huang1
1Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China. gaofl@m.scnu.edu.cn.
Abstract:
Memristors have promising prospects in developing neuromorphic chips that parallel the brain-level power efficiency and brain-like computational functions. However, the limited available ON/OFF states and high switching voltage in conventional resistive switching (RS) constrain its practical and flexible implementations to emulate biological synaptic functions with low power consumption. We present 'stateful' threshold switching (TS) within the millivoltage range depending on the resistive states of RS, which originates from the charging/discharging parasitic elements of a memristive circuit. Fundamental neuromorphic learning can be facilely implemented based on a single memristor by utilizing four resistive states in 'stateful' TS. Besides the metaplasticity of synaptic learning-forgetting behaviors, multifunctional associative learning, involving acquisition, extinction, recovery, generalization and protective inhibition, was realized with nonpolar operation and power consumption of 5.71 pW. The featured 'stateful' TS with flexible tunability, enriched states, and ultralow operating voltage will provide new directions toward a massive storage unit and bio-inspired neuromorphic system.
Related Concept Videos
Long-term Potentiation
Cognitive Learning
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Graded Potential
Graded potentials fall into two categories: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing. Depolarizing graded potentials typically occur when sodium (Na+) or...
Associative Learning
Classical conditioning, also known...
Observational Learning
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...

