A review on nanopores based protein sensing in complex analyte

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Biophysics
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Solid-state nanopores enable single-molecule protein detection with high sensitivity, throughput, and low cost.
• Ongoing advancements in fabrication, functionalization, and characterization are enhancing nanopore capabilities.
• Nanopore-based devices are increasingly explored for diagnostic applications in complex biological samples.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of recent progress in solid-state and biological nanopore technology for protein detection.
• To discuss the advantages and challenges of nanopore sensing in complex analytes.
• To highlight advanced sensing techniques beyond steady-state methods for improved detection limits.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent literature on solid-state and biological nanopore fabrication and functionalization.
• Analysis of analytical methods for protein detection using nanopore devices.
• Exploration of transient conductance variations and power spectral density analysis for sensing.
• Discussion of challenges and future perspectives for diagnostic applications.

Main Results:

• Solid-state and biological nanopores show significant promise for sensitive protein detection.
• Advanced techniques like transient analysis and power spectral density offer improved detection capabilities.
• Challenges remain in achieving optimal nanopore performance in complex biological media.

Conclusions:

• Nanopore technology is a rapidly evolving field with great potential for protein diagnostics.
• Further research is needed to overcome current limitations and enhance performance in complex environments.
• Future perspectives focus on increasing nanopore sensitivity and specificity for widespread diagnostic use.