Enhanced bacterial inactivation by activated carbon modified with nano-sized silver oxides: Performance and mechanism

In this study, nano-sized silver oxides were loaded on activated carbon (nAg₂O/AC) through a facile impregnation-calcination method for enhanced bacterial inactivation from drinking water, in which Escherichia coli (E. coli) was used as target bacteria. XRD and SEM characterization confirmed that nano-sized Ag₂O particles (50-200 nm) were successfully prepared and uniformly distributed on the surfaces and pores of AC. Due to the structural reducing groups of AC, surface-bound Ag(I) was partially converted to Ag in the nAg₂O matrix and the resulted Ag could sterilize E. coli directly. More importantly, surface-bound Ag could catalyze O₂ and H₂O to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for oxidation sterilization, thus significantly enhanced the inactivation efficiency from 0.8 log₁₀ CFU/mL (nAg₂O control) and 0.2 log₁₀ CFU/mL (AC control) to 6.0 log₁₀ CFU/mL in the nAg₂O/AC system. The inactivation process was highly pH-dependent, and neutral pH was favorable for sterilization. A sterilization efficiency of 5.2 log₁₀ CFU/mL could still be achieved after 5 running cycles, indicating stable sterilization performance of nAg₂O/AC. In addition, the nAg₂O/AC also exhibited excellent renewability since a sterilization efficiency of 5.8 log₁₀ CFU/mL was obtained after nAg₂O being stripped and reloaded on the AC. These results demonstrated that nAg₂O-modified AC is an efficient material for sterilization in water treatment.