PQQ Supplementation and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-Induced Heart Inflammation.

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Immunology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins can cause heart inflammation following COVID-19 infection or mRNA vaccination.
• Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is an antioxidant with free radical scavenging properties, supporting mitochondrial function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the potential of PQQ supplementation in mitigating vaccine-associated myocarditis.
• To identify the need for further research into PQQ's efficacy and safety regarding COVID-19 vaccine side effects.

Main Methods:

• Literature review to assess current evidence on PQQ and vaccine-induced myocarditis.
• Identification of research gaps, including the absence of cellular, animal, and clinical trial data.

Main Results:

• Currently, no scientific evidence supports PQQ supplementation for reducing heart inflammation after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.
• PQQ has demonstrated antioxidant and mitochondrial support functions in other contexts.

Conclusions:

• While PQQ has no contraindications and may offer benefits, its use for post-vaccination heart inflammation cannot be recommended due to a lack of supporting data.
• Further in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are essential to evaluate PQQ's potential role in managing vaccine-associated cardiac events.