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Related Concept Videos

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
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The dorsal...
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Introduction to Sensory Receptors01:31

Introduction to Sensory Receptors

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Sensory receptors are vital in our ability to perceive and interpret the world. Sensory receptors are specialized cells in the peripheral nervous system that respond to various stimuli and enable one to experience different sensations. Based on specific criteria, sensory receptors are classified into distinct types.
The first classification criterion is based on cell type, position, and function. Some receptor cells are neurons with free nerve endings, where their dendrites are embedded in the...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Yeast Luminometric and Xenopus Oocyte Electrophysiological Examinations of the Molecular Mechanosensitivity of TRPV4
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Sensory TRP Channels in Three Dimensions.

Melinda M Diver1,2, John V Lin King1,3, David Julius1

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;

Annual Review of Biochemistry
|March 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are vital signaling proteins found in all cells. Recent cryo-EM studies reveal their atomic structures, aiding in understanding signal integration and developing new TRP channel disorder treatments.

Keywords:
TRP channelscryo-EMmembrane protein structuresensory biology

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Expression and Purification of the Human Lipid-sensitive Cation Channel TRPC3 for Structural Determination by Single-particle Cryo-electron Microscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are crucial signaling proteins involved in detecting environmental and physiological cues.
  • The TRP channel family comprises over 30 subtypes, each with unique properties, expressed in virtually all cells.
  • TRP channels act as polymodal signal integrators, particularly in sensory pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural basis of TRP channel function using advanced imaging techniques.
  • To understand the mechanisms of stimulus detection, ion permeation, and signal integration in TRP channels.
  • To provide a foundation for developing targeted pharmacological agents for TRP channel-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to achieve high-resolution structural analysis of TRP channel subtypes.
  • Applied atomic-level analysis to investigate structural attributes related to channel function.
  • Integrated structural insights with biophysical and pharmacological data.

Main Results:

  • Detailed atomic structures of various TRP channel subtypes have been resolved.
  • Structural insights reveal mechanisms underlying stimulus detection, ion permeation, and gating.
  • Allosteric mechanisms governing signal integration within TRP channels are being elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • High-resolution structures of TRP channels provide unprecedented insights into their function.
  • Understanding TRP channel structures facilitates the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeted pharmacological interventions for TRP channel disorders are becoming more feasible.