Delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction due to Kidd antibodies

Area of Science:

• Immunohaematology
• Transfusion Medicine

Background:

• Delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions (DHTRs) are immune responses occurring 24 hours to 28 days post-transfusion.
• DHTRs are characterized by a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT), positive eluate, or new alloantibodies, accompanied by hemolysis.
• Inadequate post-transfusion hemoglobin rise or rapid fall is a key indicator of DHTR.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a case series of three patients experiencing DHTRs.
• To emphasize the clinical presentations and immunohaematological evaluations of DHTRs.
• To highlight the role of proper transfusion support in managing DHTRs and preventing complications.

Main Methods:

• Case series analysis of three patients with DHTR.
• Review of clinical presentations.
• Evaluation of immunohaematological parameters and laboratory findings.

Main Results:

• Kidd antibodies were implicated in causing DHTR, alone or with other antibodies.
• DHTRs presented with varied clinical features and immunological challenges.
• Effective transfusion support is vital for managing these reactions.

Conclusions:

• DHTRs require careful diagnosis due to diverse clinical and immunological presentations.
• Prompt identification of alloantibodies, particularly Kidd antibodies, is essential for safe transfusion practices.
• Appropriate transfusion strategies are critical to mitigate complications associated with DHTRs.