Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nociception01:44

Nociception

30.0K
Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
30.0K
Pain01:20

Pain

670
Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
670
Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

8.6K
Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
8.6K
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

39.2K
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
39.2K
Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

Propagation of Action Potentials

7.2K
The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
7.2K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

1.1K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

White matter differences in motor and affective-motivational networks of pain-indifferent carriers of the R221W mutation.

Neurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

The neurobiological cravings signature (NCS) as a predictive neuromarker of clinical outcomes in alcohol use disorder.

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2026
Same author

Tingle-Eliciting Audiovisual Properties of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) Videos.

Multisensory research·2025
Same author

MDMA modulates human sensorimotor cortical pathways during gentle touch.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2025
Same author

Heart rate increases during social isolation: Matter of depressive mood and self-reported infection symptoms.

Biological psychology·2025
Same author

Endocannabinoid contributions to the perception of socially relevant, affective touch in humans.

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2025
Same journal

Differentiation of cortical areas: effects of free energy minimization with broken symmetry.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same journal

Prior exposure to speech rapidly modulates cortical processing of high-level linguistic structure.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same journal

Beta bursts in SMA mediate anticipatory muscle inhibition.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same journal

Cognitive load modulates the effects of social contexts on facial expression processing.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same journal

The neural mechanisms of aligning spatial perspectives.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same journal

Relationships between bilateral tapping skills and brain gray matter volumes: a voxel-based morphometry study.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents
02:26

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents

Published on: April 9, 2019

5.4K

Prediction and action in cortical pain processing.

Lina Koppel1,2,3, Giovanni Novembre2,3, Robin Kämpe2,3

  • 1Department of Management and Engineering, Division of Economics, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|March 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Predicting pain activates brain regions like the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, this neural activity, particularly in the midcingulate cortex (MCC), is linked to motor output and action, not just the pain stimulus itself.

Keywords:
actionanterior insulamidcingulate cortexpainprediction

More Related Videos

Psychophysically-anchored, Robust Thresholding in Studying Pain-related Lateralization of Oscillatory Prestimulus Activity
07:28

Psychophysically-anchored, Robust Thresholding in Studying Pain-related Lateralization of Oscillatory Prestimulus Activity

Published on: January 21, 2017

7.1K
An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP
14:56

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP

Published on: January 27, 2010

21.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents
02:26

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents

Published on: April 9, 2019

5.4K
Psychophysically-anchored, Robust Thresholding in Studying Pain-related Lateralization of Oscillatory Prestimulus Activity
07:28

Psychophysically-anchored, Robust Thresholding in Studying Pain-related Lateralization of Oscillatory Prestimulus Activity

Published on: January 21, 2017

7.1K
An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP
14:56

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP

Published on: January 27, 2010

21.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Perception
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Predicting painful stimuli aids in avoiding harm.
  • Understanding the distinct neural processes for pain prediction versus action is crucial.
  • Cortical pain processing may extend beyond sensory input to encompass behavioral consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain activity during predicted painful and non-painful thermal stimulation.
  • To examine the role of voluntary action in modulating pain perception and processing.
  • To differentiate neural correlates of pain prediction from those involved in action execution.

Main Methods:

  • Participants underwent thermal stimulation (painful/non-painful).
  • A task involved predicting a subsequent stimulus (S2) based on an initial stimulus (S1).
  • Voluntary action (button press) could alter S2 duration, allowing analysis of sensorimotor control.

Main Results:

  • Predicted pain increased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), midcingulate cortex (MCC), and insula.
  • ACC and MCC activation were dependent on whether a meaningful action was performed.
  • MCC activation showed a direct relationship with motor output; insula responses were modulated by action consequences.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical pain processing is influenced by the behavioral consequences of a stimulus.
  • Neural activity in pain-related regions is modulated by sensorimotor control and action.
  • Pain perception is not solely stimulus-driven but integrated with predictive and action-related computations.