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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

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Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
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Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation
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Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Published on: July 16, 2014

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[Parkinson's Disease - What is New?]

Andres Ceballos-Baumann1

  • 1Abt. für Neurologie und klinische Neurophysiologie mit Parkinson-Fachklinik, Schön Klinik München Schwabing.

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|March 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Parkinson's disease (PD) management is evolving with early levodopa use recommended and new therapies emerging. Teleconsultations and physiotherapy improve patient care and quality of life.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) prevalence is projected to double by 2030, with increasing recognition of its diverse forms.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted challenges in PD patient care, accelerating the adoption of teleconsultations for remote neurological assessments.
  • Ongoing debates surround the optimal timing for initiating levodopa therapy in PD management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current therapeutic strategies and emerging treatments for Parkinson's disease.
  • To address the controversy regarding early levodopa initiation.
  • To discuss advancements in managing motor fluctuations and non-motor symptoms in PD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on Parkinson's disease treatments.

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Locomotor Assessment of 6-Hydroxydopamine-induced Adult Zebrafish-based Parkinson's Disease Model
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Locomotor Assessment of 6-Hydroxydopamine-induced Adult Zebrafish-based Parkinson's Disease Model

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  • Analysis of the evolving role of dopamine agonists and new pharmacological agents.
  • Evaluation of the efficacy of deep brain stimulation, drug pumps, physiotherapy, and multidisciplinary care.

    • Main Results:

    • Early initiation of levodopa is advised, dispelling fears of accelerating disease progression.
    • Dopamine agonists are associated with significant side effects, including impulse control disorders.
    • Newer drugs like safinamide and opicapone offer add-on therapy for levodopa-induced fluctuations.
    • Invasive therapies (deep brain stimulation, drug pumps) and physiotherapy show promise for advanced PD stages.
    • Multidisciplinary networks effectively reduce falls and hospitalizations.

    Conclusions:

    • Physicians should not delay levodopa treatment in early Parkinson's disease.
    • Careful consideration of dopamine agonist side effects is necessary.
    • Advanced therapies and supportive care, including physiotherapy and multidisciplinary networks, are crucial for optimizing outcomes in advanced PD.