Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Classification of Systems-I

Classification of Systems-I

Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:

Reversible and Irreversible Processes

Reversible and Irreversible Processes

The thermodynamic processes can be classified into reversible and irreversible processes. The processes that can be restored to their initial state are called reversible processes. It is only possible if the process is in quasi-static equilibrium, i.e., it takes place in infinitesimally small steps, and the system remains at equilibrium However, these are ideal processes and do not occur naturally. An ideal system undergoing a reversible process is always in thermodynamic equilibrium within...

Linear time-invariant Systems

Linear time-invariant Systems

A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be...

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear....

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

MDA5 generates compact ribonucleoprotein complexes via ATP-dependent double-stranded RNA unwinding.

Nucleic acids research·2026

Same author

Resolving interface structure and local internal mechanics of mitotic chromosomes.

Nature communications·2025

Same author

Multicontact statistics distinguish models of chromosome organization.

Physical review. E·2025

Same author

Unraveling the metastasis-preventing effect of miR-200c in vitro and in vivo.

Molecular oncology·2024

Same author

Ion-mediated condensation controls the mechanics of mitotic chromosomes.

Nature materials·2024

Same author

Nuclear deformation and dynamics of migrating cells in 3D confinement reveal adaptation of pulling and pushing forces.

Science advances·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Revealing Neural Circuit Topography in Multi-Color

Revealing Neural Circuit Topography in Multi-Color

Published on: November 14, 2011

Irreversibility in linear systems with colored noise.

Grzegorz Gradziuk¹, Gabriel Torregrosa¹, Chase P Broedersz²

¹Arnold-Sommerfeld-Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80333 München, Germany.

Physical Review. E

|March 16, 2022

Summary

This study generalizes measures of time irreversibility for stochastic systems. It shows how to analyze systems with colored noise, not just white noise, using a unified theoretical framework.

More Related Videos

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat

Published on: January 23, 2017

RBDT: A Computerized Task System based in Transposition for the Continuous Analysis of Relational Behavior Dynamics in Humans

RBDT: A Computerized Task System based in Transposition for the Continuous Analysis of Relational Behavior Dynamics in Humans

Published on: July 17, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Revealing Neural Circuit Topography in Multi-Color

Revealing Neural Circuit Topography in Multi-Color

Published on: November 14, 2011

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat

Published on: January 23, 2017

RBDT: A Computerized Task System based in Transposition for the Continuous Analysis of Relational Behavior Dynamics in Humans

RBDT: A Computerized Task System based in Transposition for the Continuous Analysis of Relational Behavior Dynamics in Humans

Published on: July 17, 2021

Area of Science:

Statistical Mechanics
Non-equilibrium Dynamics
Stochastic Processes

Background:

Time irreversibility quantifies deviation from thermal equilibrium in stochastic systems.
Real-world systems often exhibit long-lived temporal correlations in noise (colored noise), unlike idealized white noise.
Existing measures of irreversibility are primarily developed for white noise approximations.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the impact of temporal noise correlations on established irreversibility measures.
To generalize the theoretical framework for white-noise-driven systems to accommodate colored noise.
To provide a unified approach for quantifying irreversibility in systems with correlated noise.

Main Methods:

Generalization of theoretical framework for white-noise-driven systems to colored noise.
Expression of irreversibility measures (autocorrelation function, area enclosing rates, mean phase space velocity) using Lyapunov equations.
Comparison of colored noise results with their white-noise limit values.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a natural generalization of white-noise irreversibility measures to colored noise.
Expressed key irreversibility indicators in terms of solutions to a Lyapunov equation.
Quantified the deviation of colored noise effects from the white-noise approximation.

Conclusions:

The theoretical framework for analyzing time irreversibility can be effectively extended to systems with colored noise.
Lyapunov equations provide a powerful tool for calculating irreversibility measures in the presence of temporal correlations.
This work offers a more realistic approach to quantifying nonequilibrium dynamics in systems with realistic noise characteristics.