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Immunotherapy Effectiveness in Treating Peanut Hypersensitivity: A Systemic Review
Rahaf Alghamdi1, Rania Alshaier1, Aljawharah Alotaibi2
1Immunology, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU.
Cureus
|March 16, 2022
Summary
Peanut immunotherapy (PIT) effectively reduces peanut hypersensitivity, with various methods achieving desensitization. While most adverse events were mild, severe reactions requiring epinephrine were more common in treatment groups.
Area of Science:
- Allergy and Immunology
- Clinical Trials
- Food Hypersensitivity
Background:
- Peanut hypersensitivity is a leading cause of food allergies and fatalities in high-income nations.
- Effective management strategies for peanut allergy are crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of different peanut immunotherapy (PIT) forms in reducing peanut hypersensitivity.
- To assess the safety profile of various PIT administration routes.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley, and Science Direct (2019-2021).
- Inclusion of 19 clinical trials involving 1565 participants across oral (OIT), sublingual (SLIT), subcutaneous (SCIT), and epicutaneous (EPIT) immunotherapy.
- Analysis of desensitization rates and adverse events (AE) for each immunotherapy type.
Main Results:
- Desensitization rates varied by method: OIT (74.3%), SCIT (61%), EPIT (49%), and SLIT (11%).
- Most adverse events were mild to moderate.
- Severe adverse events requiring epinephrine were more frequent in immunotherapy groups.
Conclusions:
- Current peanut immunotherapy regimens, irrespective of administration route, can achieve desensitization.
- Peanut immunotherapy demonstrates an acceptable safety profile for managing hypersensitivity.
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