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Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome from Nitrofurantoin: A Case Report
Ryan A O'Connor1, Vaidahi Patel2, Valerie Lang1
1Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
The American Journal of Case Reports
|March 16, 2022
Summary
Nitrofurantoin can cause rare but serious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Discontinuation of the antibiotic led to symptom resolution, highlighting the need for clinical awareness.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Internal Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Nitrofurantoin is a common antibiotic for lower urinary tract infections.
- Antibiotic stewardship necessitates awareness of rare adverse drug reactions.
- Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a rare nitrofurantoin adverse effect.
Observation:
- A 66-year-old woman developed SIRS after nitrofurantoin exposure.
- Symptoms included leukocytosis and fever, with negative infectious workup.
- Discontinuation of nitrofurantoin and supportive care resolved symptoms.
Findings:
- The case highlights a potential link between nitrofurantoin and SIRS.
- Complete symptom resolution occurred upon drug cessation.
- This suggests a possible idiosyncratic reaction to nitrofurantoin.
Implications:
- Clinicians must consider nitrofurantoin-induced SIRS in patients presenting with relevant symptoms.
- Increased awareness can improve diagnosis and patient management.
- Educating patients on potential adverse effects is crucial for safe nitrofurantoin use.
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