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Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Methods for Evaluating the Role of c-Fos and Dusp1 in Oncogene Dependence
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Targeting oncogene and non-oncogene addiction to inflame the tumour microenvironment

Giulia Petroni1, Aitziber Buqué1, Lisa M Coussens2

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.

Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery
|March 16, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show limited patient response due to resistance mechanisms. Targeting oncogene and non-oncogene addiction may enhance ICI efficacy by making tumors more responsive to immunotherapy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment but benefit only a subset of patients.
  • Tumor resistance to ICIs is a significant clinical challenge, necessitating research into underlying mechanisms.
  • Oncogenic and non-oncogene addiction pathways contribute to tumor progression and immune evasion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how oncogene and non-oncogene addiction pathways influence tumor microenvironments (TMEs) and ICI response.
  • To identify novel therapeutic strategies for overcoming ICI resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of oncogenic and stress response pathways in tumor cells.
  • Assessment of their impact on the immune cell composition within the TME.
  • Correlation of pathway activity with clinical response to ICIs.

Main Results:

  • Both oncogene and non-oncogene addiction pathways promote tumor survival and proliferation.
  • These pathways create immunologically 'cold' TMEs, characterized by limited immune cell infiltration.
  • Blocking these addiction pathways may reverse immune suppression within the TME.

Conclusions:

  • Oncogene and non-oncogene addiction are key mechanisms of ICI resistance.
  • Targeting these pathways offers a promising strategy to sensitize tumors to ICIs.
  • Modulating the TME by targeting addiction pathways could improve patient outcomes in cancer immunotherapy.

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