Urodynamically proven lower urinary tract dysfunction in children after COVID-19: A case series

Since the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic, other unexpected symptoms related to the infection besides the respiratory system have been reported. Although a few case reports have revealed that adult patients with COVID-19 also complained of urinary frequency and nocturia, the exact pathophysiology is still unclear. In this case series, we present three children aged 14 to 17 years with urodynamically proven lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) following COVID-19.

None of the patients had constipation or bowel disorder before the diagnosis of COVID-19. In addition, neurological examination and related imaging revealed no signs of etiological factors. The median time from diagnosis of COVID-19 infection to the onset of lower urinary tract symptoms was 3 months. Incomplete bladder emptying/urinary retention supported by increased bladder compliance, high post-micturition residual urine volumes, and absence of detrusor pressure increase during the voiding phase in the pressure flow study (acontractile detrusor in two patients and hypocontractile detrusor in one patient) were observed.

We observed that LUTD (eg, incomplete bladder emptying, urinary retention) can be prominent some time after the diagnosis of COVID-19. Even though psychogenic or neurogenic causes may not be excluded completely, clinicians should be aware of a recent COVID-19 infection in children with sudden-onset LUTD.