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SCARECROW is deployed in distinct contexts during rice and maize leaf development.

Thomas E Hughes1, Jane A Langdale1

  • 1Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.

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|March 16, 2022
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Summary

Two duplicated SCARECROW (SCR) genes in rice are essential for stomatal development, acting early in the process. This function differs from SCR

Keywords:
MaizePatterningRiceSCARECROWStomata

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Area of Science:

  • Plant developmental genetics
  • Evolution of gene function
  • Transcriptional regulation in plants

Background:

  • The GRAS transcription factor SCARECROW (SCR) plays diverse roles in plant development, including root and leaf patterning.
  • In rice, SCR has been implicated in stomatal patterning, but its precise function and relationship to other roles remain unclear.
  • Previous studies in maize suggest SCR regulates inner leaf patterning (mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific roles of duplicated SCR genes in rice leaf development, particularly in stomatal patterning.
  • To determine if rice SCR genes also regulate inner leaf patterning, as observed in maize.
  • To understand the evolutionary deployment of SCR function in monocots.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of double mutants for two duplicated SCR genes (Osscr1;Osscr2) in rice.
  • Phenotypic characterization of mutant leaves, focusing on stomatal development and distribution.
  • Quantitative analysis of stomatal density and expression analysis of the stomatal regulator OsMUTE.

Main Results:

  • Rice Osscr1;Osscr2 double mutants exhibit a severe defect in stomatal development, with almost no stomata formed on leaves initiated post-germination.
  • The expression of the stomatal development regulator OsMUTE is significantly downregulated in Osscr1;Osscr2 mutants, indicating an early role for OsSCR in this process.
  • Unlike maize SCR mutants, rice Osscr1;Osscr2 mutants do not show defects in inner leaf patterning (e.g., mesophyll or bundle-sheath development).

Conclusions:

  • Duplicated SCR genes in rice are redundantly essential for stomatal development, contrary to previous assumptions.
  • The function of SCR in stomatal development appears to be a distinct deployment from its role in inner leaf patterning.
  • These findings highlight the flexible deployment of SCR regulatory functions and their divergence after the split of rice and maize lineages.