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A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
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The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...
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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures
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Emergent Kagome Electrides.

Jing-Yang You1, Bo Gu2, Gang Su2

  • 1Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created ideal Kagome bands in non-Kagome materials using Kagome electrides. This opens new avenues for exploring novel physical phenomena and designing advanced electronic materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Ideal Kagome bands, featuring Dirac cones and flat bands, are crucial for novel physics but absent in existing Kagome materials.
  • Complex electron hopping in reported Kagome systems obscures the desired ideal band structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel method for achieving ideal Kagome bands in non-Kagome materials.
  • To predict new stable 2D Kagome electrides with ideal Kagome band characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical prediction of novel 2D Kagome electrides.
  • Computational analysis of electronic band structures.
  • Investigation of superconducting and charge density wave properties under pressure.

Main Results:

  • Prediction of two stable 2D Kagome electrides, Li5Si and Li5Sn, exhibiting ideal Kagome band structures.
  • Identification of topological Dirac cones, van Hove singularities, and flat bands.
  • Discovery of superconductivity in Li5Si, with transition temperature tunable by pressure, and a pressure-induced charge density wave phase transition.

Conclusions:

  • Kagome electrides offer a viable route to realize ideal Kagome bands in experimentally accessible materials.
  • Li5Si and Li5Sn present promising platforms for fundamental physics research and potential applications.
  • The findings provide a new strategy for designing materials with exotic electronic properties.