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Reducing the particles generated by flushing institutional toilets.

Changjie Cai1, Peter Kim1, Thomas H Connor2

  • 1Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hudson College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, The University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
|March 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

An aerosol suppression lid significantly reduces airborne particles generated by flush-O-meter (FOM) toilets. This toilet lid technology effectively lowers particle number, surface area, and mass concentrations, crucial for controlling virus transmission.

Keywords:
Aerosolconcentration metricsflush-O-meter institutional toiletlidparticle size distributionssource control

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Aerosol Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Airborne particles from toilets, particularly flush-O-meter (FOM) toilets, contribute to virus transmission, including SARS-CoV-2.
  • FOM toilets generate significantly more droplets (3-12x) through splashing and bubble bursting compared to other toilet types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of an aerosol suppression lid in reducing airborne particles generated by FOM toilets.
  • To quantify particle reduction by size, number, surface area, and mass concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Particle size distributions (0.016-19.81 µm) were measured in a controlled chamber with and without the suppression lid.
  • Fluorescein was used to seed toilet water for droplet analysis.
  • High-speed cameras and spectrophotometry were employed to analyze droplet movement and lid contamination.

Main Results:

  • The suppression lid reduced total particle number concentration by 48%, surface area by 76%, and mass by 66%.
  • Reductions in number concentration reached 100% for particles larger than 0.1 µm.
  • 82% of deposited fluorescein was found on the lid sections closest to the FOM.

Conclusions:

  • The aerosol suppression lid is effective in mitigating airborne particle release from FOM toilets.
  • Further research is needed to assess lid performance in real-world restroom conditions with ventilation and biological contaminants.