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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study
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Interpersonal Neural Synchronization Predicting Learning Outcomes From Teaching-Learning Interaction: A

Liaoyuan Zhang1, Xiaoxiong Xu1, Zhongshan Li2

  • 1College of Chinese Language and Culture, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Psychology
|March 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) during teaching-learning interaction positively correlates with learning outcomes. This meta-analysis confirms INS as a key neurocognitive biomarker for educational neuroscience, influenced by interaction style and mode.

Keywords:
fNIRShyperscanninginterpersonal neural synchronizationlearning outcomesmeta-analysisteaching-learning interaction

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Teaching-learning interaction is crucial for educational outcomes.
  • The neural underpinnings of this interaction and its link to learning are not well understood.
  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and hyperscanning enable simultaneous multi-brain recordings.

Approach:

  • A meta-analysis was conducted on 16 studies (23 samples) using a random-effects model.
  • Investigated the relationship between interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) and learning outcomes.
  • Moderator analyses examined the impact of interaction style, mode, content, and assessment methods.

Key Points:

  • A significant positive correlation was found between INS and learning outcomes.
  • Interaction style and mode were identified as key moderators influencing this relationship.
  • INS shows potential as a neural biomarker for predicting educational success.

Conclusions:

  • This meta-analysis provides a robust neurocognitive foundation for understanding teaching-learning interactions.
  • Findings support the use of INS in educational neuroscience research.
  • Consolidates future research directions in learning and teaching across disciplines, including second language education.