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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
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Related Experiment Video

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Method for Simultaneous fMRI/EEG Data Collection during a Focused Attention Suggestion for Differential Thermal Sensation
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Brain Responses to Hypnotic Verbal Suggestions Predict Pain Modulation.

Carolane Desmarteaux1,2, Anouk Streff1, Jen-I Chen1,2

  • 1University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.

Frontiers in Pain Research (Lausanne, Switzerland)
|March 17, 2022
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Hypnosis verbal suggestions alter brain activity, predicting changes in pain perception. Brain regions involved in self-regulation and memory help transform suggestions into modulated pain responses.

Keywords:
Predictive Coding ModelfMRIhypnosispainsuggestion

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Hypnosis is effective for pain reduction, but the neural mechanisms of verbal suggestion are unclear.
  • Verbal content transformation into predictive signals for perceptual modulation needs further investigation.
  • This study investigates brain activity predicting pain modulation by hypnotic suggestions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that brain activity during verbal suggestions predicts pain modulation.
  • To explore the neural transformation of hypnotic suggestions into perceptual changes.
  • To investigate the role of specific brain regions in hypnosis-induced pain modulation.

Main Methods:

  • BOLD-fMRI measured brain activity in healthy participants during hypnosis with suggestions of hyperalgesia, hypoalgesia, or normal sensation.
  • Noxious electrical stimuli assessed pain-related responses post-suggestion.
  • Delayed regression analyses predicted pain response changes from brain activity during suggestions.

Main Results:

  • Suggestions of hyperalgesia and hypoalgesia decreased activity in the parietal operculum (PO) and anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC), increasing left parahippocampal gyrus (lPHG) activity.
  • Brain activity changes in PO, aMCC, and PHG predicted altered pain-evoked responses in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), anterior insula (aINS), posterior insula (pINS), and thalamus.
  • Observed brain response changes correlated with participants' reported pain perception changes.

Conclusions:

  • Deactivation in the fronto-parietal network (ACC, PO) during suggestions predicts modulation of pain-related brain areas.
  • The hippocampal complex may mediate contextual learning, memory, and anticipation in response to suggestions.
  • Findings support predictive coding models and offer insights into hypnosis neurophenomenology.