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Using Local Norms when Identifying PLD: Utility of Sample Specific Parameters.

H Lancaster1, S Camarata2

  • 1Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Arizona State University, USA.

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Summary

This study introduces local norming to accurately identify primary language disorder (PLD) in underrepresented children. This method adjusts for performance IQ differences, improving diagnostic accuracy for diverse populations.

Keywords:
Cultural and Linguistic DiversityDefining and Diagnosing DisabilitiesElementarySecondary Data AnalysisSpeech or Language Impairments

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Accurate identification of primary language disorder (PLD) is crucial for children's academic success.
  • Standardized testing may not accurately reflect the abilities of children from underrepresented populations due to cultural and linguistic differences.
  • Existing diagnostic procedures may lead to under- or over-identification of PLD in these groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a local norming procedure for identifying PLD in children from underrepresented populations.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of local norms in ruling out global intellectual delay.
  • To improve the accuracy of PLD identification for African American children.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Epidemiological Study of Specific Language Impairment Diagnostic Database, a population-based sample of students with PLD.
  • Split the database into Caucasian (n=1623) and African American (n=254) groups.
  • Created local norms using within-group z-scores to estimate cognitive ability via performance IQ measures.

Main Results:

  • The African American group's performance IQ distribution was significantly left-shifted compared to the normative distribution.
  • After implementing local norms, the proportion of African American children identified with PLD more closely matched the overall population distribution.
  • Local norming proved to be a feasible and low-cost solution for addressing distributional mismatches.

Conclusions:

  • Local norming is an effective strategy for improving the identification of primary language disorder in underrepresented populations.
  • This procedure helps to rule out global intellectual delay, ensuring more accurate diagnoses.
  • Local norming offers a practical and cost-effective approach to enhance diagnostic fairness and equity in speech-language pathology.