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In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data
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Sulcal Cavitation in Linear Head Acceleration: Possible Correlation With Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.

Joseph Kerwin1, Atacan Yücesoy1, Suhas Vidhate1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.

Frontiers in Neurology
|March 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Repetitive head impacts may cause Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). Researchers observed fluid cavitation and strain in sulci, suggesting a potential mechanism for TBI and CTE development.

Keywords:
blunt impactbrain phantomscavitationchronic traumatic encephalopathydrop towerhigh-speed imagingmild traumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major public health issue with over a million hospital visits annually in the US.
  • Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) can result from TBI, but the exact injury mechanisms remain unclear.
  • CTE pathology is observed to initiate in the brain's sulci.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify injury mechanisms linked to blunt force impacts.
  • To investigate the role of fluid cavitation in head trauma.
  • To explore how mechanical forces contribute to CTE development.

Main Methods:

  • Drop tower experiments using a human head phantom with gyri-sulci structure.
  • Recording intracranial pressure and high-speed imaging during impacts.
  • Developing a 2D computational model to simulate cavitation effects on brain tissue.

Main Results:

  • Repetitive low-force impacts induced cavitation within the phantom.
  • Cavitation predominantly occurred in the contrecoup during negative pressure phases.
  • Computational models showed cavitation bubble expansion focused strain at the sulci depths.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical interactions from head impacts may contribute to CTE.
  • Fluid cavitation is a potential factor in the biomechanics of TBI and CTE.
  • Further research into these mechanisms is warranted.