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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Chromosomal inversions are key drivers of phenotypic variation, often maintained by sexual selection.
  • Supergenes, tightly linked sets of genes, can control distinct phenotypes, as seen in the ruff bird's mating morphs.
  • Understanding the forces stabilizing such polymorphisms is crucial for evolutionary genetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of intralocus conflicts in maintaining a specific autosomal inversion polymorphism in the ruff (Calidris pugnax).
  • To assess how this inversion affects reproductive success in both male and female ruffs.
  • To determine if balancing selection, driven by sexually antagonistic selection, stabilizes the supergene variants.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of reproductive success (laying rate, egg size, offspring survival) in a captive population of ruffs.
  • Comparison of reproductive performance between females with different inversion haplotypes (Independent, Satellite, Faeder).
  • Inference of fitness contributions based on observed reproductive output in females and inferred success in males.

Main Results:

  • Faeder females, possessing a non-recombined inversion haplotype, exhibited lower reproductive success compared to Independent females (lacking the inversion).
  • Satellite females, with a recombined inversion haplotype, showed intermediate reproductive performance.
  • The reduced reproductive output of Faeder females is likely counterbalanced by higher reproductive success in Faeder males.

Conclusions:

  • Intralocus conflicts, arising from sexually antagonistic selection, are a probable mechanism maintaining the inversion polymorphism in ruffs.
  • This study highlights the significant role of balancing selection in the evolution and stability of supergene variants.
  • The findings provide insights into the complex interplay between genetic architecture, sexual conflict, and phenotypic diversity.