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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Asymmetric Wigner molecules in nanowire Y-junctions.

Scientific reports·2022
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Tunneling between parallel one-dimensional Wigner crystals.

R Méndez-Camacho1,2, E Cruz-Hernández3

  • 1Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Chapultepec 1570, Privadas del Pedregal, 78295, San Luis Potosí, México.

Scientific Reports
|March 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Quantum electron tunneling between nanowires can be controlled by adjusting electron density. This research explores tunneling in Wigner crystals, enabling 2D and 3D electronic distributions for potential applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Vertically aligned nanowire arrays are common in synthesis and processing.
  • Close proximity of nanowires enables quantum electron tunneling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore electron interactions between closely spaced, parallel nanowires.
  • To investigate the effect of electron density and geometry on tunneling.
  • To understand tunneling in low-density Wigner crystal regimes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Yukawa-like effective potential to model electron interactions.
  • Varied electron density and geometrical parameters of nanowires.
  • Analyzed quantum electron tunneling phenomena.

Main Results:

  • Observed tunneling between adjacent localized states in the Wigner crystal regime.
  • Demonstrated tunneling along and transversal to the nanowire axis.
  • Showcased the creation of 2D and 3D electronic distributions.

Conclusions:

  • Electron tunneling in nanowire arrays is tunable via electron density and external gates.
  • The Wigner crystal regime facilitates novel electronic state formation.
  • The findings suggest potential applications in advanced electronic devices.