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Updated: Sep 30, 2025

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Comparing reliability between 3D imaging and 2D photography for external nasal anthropometry.

Yoon-Soo Seo1, Ki-Hun Jo1, Joo-Yeon Kim1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kosin University College of Medicine, Seo Gu Am-nam dong, Busan, 602-702, Korea.

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Summary

Both 3D imaging and 2D photography offer reliable facial anthropometry for nasal angles. While 2D photography showed higher inter-rater reliability for nasofacial angles, both methods are suitable and can be used together.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Anthropometry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Facial anthropometry is crucial for various applications, including plastic surgery and forensic science.
  • Accurate measurement of external nasal angles requires reliable and reproducible methods.
  • Comparing novel 3D imaging techniques with conventional 2D photography is essential for method selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the reliability and reproducibility of 3D imaging versus 2D photography for measuring external nasal angles.
  • To evaluate both intra-rater and inter-rater reliability for each imaging method.
  • To determine the suitability of each method for anthropometric analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Acquisition of 3D images using a Morpheus 3D scanner and 2D images using a digital camera from 30 volunteers.
  • Repeated image acquisition by the same researcher on different days to assess intra-rater reliability.
  • Image acquisition by a second researcher on the first day to assess inter-rater reliability.
  • Calculation of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to quantify reliability for four external nasal angles.

Main Results:

  • Both 3D imaging and 2D photography demonstrated excellent inter-rater and intra-rater reliability for all four nasal angles.
  • 2D photography exhibited significantly higher inter-rater reliability compared to 3D imaging for the nasofacial angular parameter.
  • Intra-rater reliability was good for both methods across all nasal angles, with statistically significant differences noted in the nasofacial parameter between 3D and 2D methods.

Conclusions:

  • Both 3D imaging and 2D photography provide appropriate anthropometric results for external nasal angle measurement.
  • The choice of method may depend on specific application requirements, with 2D photography showing an advantage in inter-rater reliability for nasofacial angles.
  • The complementary use of both 2D and 3D methods can be considered to leverage their respective strengths in facial anthropometry.