Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Randomized Experiments

Randomized Experiments

The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...

Blinding

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.

Drug Therapy

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications

Hazard Ratio

Hazard Ratio

The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Predictors and Processes of Early Buprenorphine Discontinuation: Study Protocol.

Substance use & addiction journal·2026

Same author

Cannabis Use among People Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis with Chronic Pain.

Kidney360·2026

Same author

Association between cannabis use and insomnia symptoms among veterans with chronic pain.

Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society·2026

Same author

The Veterans Affairs' Whole Health Approach for Chronic Pain Management: The wHOPE Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA·2026

Same author

Exploring the Patient's Lifeworld: A Qualitative Study of Personalizing Language in Electronic Health Records.

Journal of general internal medicine·2026

Same author

Use of VA Facility and VA-Purchased Behavioral Health Services Among Post-9/11 Veterans With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury.

The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

A Cluster-Randomized Clinical Trial to Decrease Prescription Opioid Misuse: Improving the Safety of Opioid Therapy

Benjamin J Morasco^1,2, Melissa H Adams^3,4, Elizabeth R Hooker³

¹Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA. benjamin.morasco@va.gov.

Journal of General Internal Medicine

|March 17, 2022

Summary

The Improving the Safety of Opioid Therapy (ISOT) intervention did not reduce prescription opioid misuse risk but increased opioid discontinuation rates. More intensive strategies may be needed for better outcomes.

Keywords:

adverse effects chronic pain long-term opioid therapy treatment guidelines

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Methodologies and Advancements of Chronic Pain Management Research

Author Spotlight: Methodologies and Advancements of Chronic Pain Management Research

Published on: January 5, 2024

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

Published on: June 10, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 30, 2025

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

Author Spotlight: Methodologies and Advancements of Chronic Pain Management Research

Author Spotlight: Methodologies and Advancements of Chronic Pain Management Research

Published on: January 5, 2024

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

Published on: June 10, 2013

Area of Science:

Primary care research
Clinical interventions
Opioid pharmacotherapy

Background:

Prescription opioid harms necessitate interventions in primary care.
Long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) requires careful management to mitigate risks.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of the Improving the Safety of Opioid Therapy (ISOT) multicomponent intervention.
To determine if ISOT reduces prescription opioid harms in primary care settings.

Main Methods:

A cluster randomized clinical trial involving 35 primary care clinicians and 286 patients on LTOT.
The ISOT intervention included clinician education and external consultations with patient monitoring and feedback.
Outcomes assessed included risk for opioid misuse, urine drug test results, and clinician-patient relationship quality.

Main Results:

ISOT did not significantly decrease the risk for prescription opioid misuse or aberrant urine drug test results.
Patients receiving ISOT were more likely to discontinue prescription opioids compared to the control group (20.0% vs. 8.1%).
The intervention did not negatively impact pain intensity or patient functioning.

Conclusions:

The ISOT intervention did not reduce prescription opioid misuse risk but facilitated opioid discontinuation.
More intensive interventions may be required to achieve significant improvements in opioid therapy outcomes.
Primary care settings require effective strategies to manage the risks associated with long-term opioid therapy.