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Updated: Sep 30, 2025

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Published on: February 16, 2022
Pandemic vaccine testing: Combining conventional and challenge studies
Tobias Gerhard1,2, Brian L Strom1,3, Nir Eyal4,5,6
1Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Abstract:
Early into COVID, human challenge trials were considered, but usually as alternatives to conventional randomized controlled trials. Instead, assessment of authorized COVID vaccines, of further COVID vaccines, and of vaccines against future pandemics should combine both designs, in five different ways, including a wholly novel one that we elaborate, Viz., combining data from both designs to answer a single question.
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