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Indole Facilitates Antimicrobial Uptake in Bacteria.

Tong Wu1, Michael J Wilhelm1, Yujie Li1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States.

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|March 17, 2022
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Summary

Indole enhances bacterial uptake of antimicrobials like malachite green by interacting with the Mtr permease in bacterial membranes. This finding is crucial for understanding antibiotic resistance and developing new treatments.

Keywords:
E. coliMtr permeaseP. aeruginosamembrane permeabilitypersister cellssecond-harmonic generation

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biophysics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Indole signaling is integral to bacterial antibiotic resistance, persistence, and tolerance.
  • Understanding antimicrobial uptake mechanisms is vital for combating bacterial infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of exogenous indole on the transport of quaternary ammonium cation (qac) antimicrobials across bacterial membranes.
  • To elucidate the role of the Mtr permease in indole-mediated changes in antimicrobial uptake.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized time-resolved second-harmonic light scattering (SHS), a nonlinear optical technique.
  • Measured antimicrobial transport rates across membranes of *Escherichia coli*, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, and *E. coli*-derived liposomes.
  • Compared transport rates in wild-type bacteria versus a knockout strain lacking the Mtr permease (Δ*mtr*).

Main Results:

  • Exogenous indole significantly increased the transport rate of malachite green (a qac antimicrobial) across the cytoplasmic membranes of wild-type *E. coli* and *P. aeruginosa* by twofold.
  • Indole did not affect the antimicrobial transport rate in the Δ*mtr* *E. coli* strain.
  • Indole had no influence on the transport rate of the antimicrobial across liposome membranes.

Conclusions:

  • Indole enhances bacterial uptake of antimicrobials, specifically qacs, by interacting with the Mtr permease.
  • The Mtr permease is a key mediator of indole's effect on antimicrobial transport.
  • Findings provide insights into bacterial signaling pathways influencing antimicrobial susceptibility.